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Isospin

The total isospin is defined as \hat{T}=\sum_{i=1}^A\hat{\tau}_i, and its corresponding isospin projection as \hat{T}_z=\sum_{i=1}^A\hat{\tau}_{z_i}, with eigenvalues T(T+1) for \hat{T} and 1/2(N-Z) for \hat{T}_z , where N is the number of neutrons and Z the number of protons.

If charge is conserved, the Hamiltonian \hat{H} commutes with \hat{T}_z and all members of a given isospin multiplet (that is the same value of T ) have the same energy and there is no T_z dependence and we say that \hat{H} is a scalar in isospin space.